Vacuum apparatus.



No. 774,054. f PATBNTED NOV. 1,1904.

' 4 M. EKENBERG.

kVACUUM APPARATUS. APPLICATIONHLED ocT. so, 1902.

No MODEL.

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UNITED STATES Patented November 1, 1904. I

PATENT OEEICE.

MARTIN EKENBERG, OF STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, ASSIGNOR TO MARTIN EKENBERGS AKTIEBOLAG, OF STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN.

VACUUM APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 774,054, dated November` 1, 1904. Application led October 30, 1902. Serial No. 129,342. (No model.) i

T0 all whom it may concer-71,:

ployed for exhausting a vacuum-pan, it is commonly called a "vacuum apparatus.

The object of theinvention is to provide an injector device which will-produce the maximum exhausting effect with a minimum quantity of liquid under pressure passing through the injector. In order to attain this result,

lthe jet employed is flattened or ribbon-like instead of being cylindrical in cross-section,and its dimensions in cross -section are proportioned substantially to the pressure on the liquid used. Foi' example, with a fiat jet having the dimensions offour to six millimeters wide and 0.5 to 0.6 millimeters in thickness the pressure on the water or other liquid used would be from three to four atmospheres. The useful eifect or duty of an injector device appears to be directly proportional to the periphery of the jet employed, and hence the best results, proportioned to the amount of liquid used, will be attained with a thin flat ribbonlike jet.

In the drawings, which illustrate an embodiment of the invention, Figures I, 2, and 3 are enlarged sectional views of the injector device of the apparatus, Fig. 1 being a longitudinal section at line E F in Fig. 3, Fig. 2 being a similar section at line A Bin Fig. l, and Fig. 3 a cross-section at line O D in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a vertical axial section of the entire vacuum apparatus on a smaller scale. Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 are diagrams showing several forms which the capillary jet may have in cross-section.

Referring primarily to Figs. l, 2, and 3, l is the receiving portion of the nozzle of the injector device, and 2 is the discharging portion thereof. The liquid, as water under pressure, enters the device at 3 in the part l and passes out at the gaged outlet 4 of said part. Opposite to and alined with the outlet-passage 4. is the corresponding outlet-passage 5 in the part 2. The passages 4. and 5 will have the same dimensions in cross-section. The liquid und er pressure entering the nozzle at 3 is forced through the passage 4. in a thin flat ribbon-like jet and enters the passage 5'. In passing across the space between the parts l and 2 the jet or stream of liquid draws in with it the air or gas entering at apertures in the sides of the device,as indicated by the arrows seen in Fig. l. So long as the jet-aperture is capillary and so thin and attened as to oer a very extended lateral surface in proportion to its area of cross-section it need not necessarily be straight when seen 1n cross-section, as indicated in Fig. 3, where, at 5; is indicated the shape of the jet. It may have other forms, as represented by the diagrams. For example, Fig. 5 shows a straight or plain cross-section, in Fig. 6 it is zigzag, in Fig. 7 itis in the form of a circle, and in Fig. 8 it is in the form of a cross. In all of these forms, however, the width of the jet, as seen in cross-section, is many times greater than its thickness, and the thickness throughout is substantiallyuni.- form. Fig. 8 may be considered as two crossed fiat jets, and there may be a group of such flat or ribbon-like jets. Fig. 9 shows a plurality of capillary jets arranged abreast, and Fig. 10 shows two parallel jets like that seen in Fig. 5.

Fig. 4. illustrates the application of the injector device to a vacuum-producing apparatus. In this ligure, 7 is an uprightvessel having in it superposed chambers 8, 9, 11, and 13. The liquid W--as water, for exampleenters the upper chamber 8 at an inlet 8 under pressure. In the bottom of this chamber are set one or more injectors l5, (of the construction above described,) which extend down through an upper extension of the chamber 9 into an annular chamber l1. The chamber 9 receives the gases or air from the chamber in which a vacuum is to be formed through a pipe 10, and said gases circulate among tubes 12, which connect the chamber 11 with the lower chamber 13 through the gas-receiving chamber 9.

So far as described the operation is as follows: The waterW passes from the chamber 8 under pressure down through the injector devices 15 into the chamber 11 and iiows thence down through the tubes 12 into the chamber 13 and oli to waste at the outlet 14. The air or gas entering the chamber 9 at the inlet 10 will in passing among the tubes 12 lose any water it may carry in the form of vapor, the vapor condensing on the colder tubes 12 and descending to the bottom ot' the chamber 9. The air or gas thus freed of its moisture rises into the upper part ci' the chamber 9 and is drawn in by the injector devices in the manner heretofore explained and carried with the jets of liquid iiowing through said injector devices down into the chamber 11 and thence down through the tubes 12 into the chamber 13.

There is a centrally-disposed injector device 18 situated in a depressed portion 17 of the bottom 16 of the chamber 9, and this injector device is supplied from the chamber 8 by a pipe 19. This device drives out the liquid from condensation (if any) collected in the chamber 9.

There is a centrally-disposed bell 2O in the chamber 9 about the pipe 19. This bell covers the depression 17 and forms about it an annular chamber in the chamber 9, which contains the tubes 12. This bell device compels the entering gases to pass among the tubes before reaching the injector devices 15. The liquid of condensation flows to the depression 17 under the lower edge of the bell 20.

It may be well to explain that a capillary jet-passage in the device described has a technical eect quite distinct from the larger noncapillary tube. The purpose of the jet or stream of liquid, ordinarily water, is to carrj7 With it the air, and the capacity of the capillary stream of Water for this purpose over the ordinary stream consists in this: The ordinary stream from a non-capillary passage is either smooth superlicially or slightly grooved (or iiuted) parallel with its axis, while the stream from thev capillary passage is grooved or corrugated transversely on its surface from surface tension oi' the liquid which tends to form as it emerges into a series of coalesced globules. This gives to the stream a laterallycorrugated form which carries in with it the air in proportion far in excess of that carried in by the ordinary stream.

Having thus described my invention, I claim- 1. In an apparatus for the purpose specified, the combination of a vessel having in it a chamber to receive a liquid under pressure for operating an injector device, a chamber to receive air charged with moisture, injector devices for removing the air from said chamber, means in the air-receiving chamber for condensing the moisture in the air, and means for expelling the liquid of condensation from said chamber.

2. In an apparatus for the purpose specified, the combination of a vessel 7, having in it a chamber 8 to receive an injecting liquid under pressure, achamber 9 with an inlet for air charged with moisture, an annular chamber 11, injector devices connecting the chambers 8 and 11, and adapted to receive air from the chamber 9, a lower chamber 13, condensing-tubes 12, extending through the chamber 9 and connecting the chambers 11 and 13, and means for discharging the water of condensation from the chamber 9 into the chamber 13, substantially as set forth.

3. In an apparatus for the purpose speciied, the combination of the vessel 7, having in it an upper chamber 8, having an inlet for water under pressure, an annular chamber 11 below the chamber 8, a chamber 9, having an inlet for air or gases carrying moisture, said chamber 9 having an upper portion which interposes between the chambers 8 and 11, injector devices 15, connecting the chambers 8 and 11 and adapted to receive the air or gases from the chamber 9, a lower chamber 13, a plurality ot' condenser-tubes 12, connecting the chambers 11 and 13 and extendingdown through the chamber 9, and Vmeans for expelling the water of condensation from the last-named chamber, said means comprising an injector device 18, and a pipe 19, connecting the water under pressure in the chamber 8, with said injector device.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence oi' two subscribing witnesses.

MARTIN EKENBERG. Witnesses:

ERNST SvANQvIsT, A. T. LUNDBERG.

IOO 

